Impact & Provenance

What if a product’s scientifically measured ingredients tell you less about performance than its marketing suggests? That distinction sits at the centre of science backed sports nutrition: a quanti...

What if the best choice isn’t the gel with the most carbohydrates, but one that fits a fuelling plan you can repeat? Choosing energy gels for cycling can feel complicated: products vary in carbohyd...

A professional athlete’s nutrition plan is not a supplement stack. It’s a periodised system shaped by training, competition and recovery demands. Effective sports nutrition for professional athlete...

The most natural-looking option isn’t automatically the most dependable fuel for an ultra. Choosing natural fuel for ultra running means looking beyond ingredient appeal to the carbohydrate it prov...

The fastest-sounding ingredient on a label isn’t automatically the best fuel for your session. Choosing fast absorbing carbohydrates for sport means looking beyond claims of speed: glucose, fructos...

For decades, conventional endurance protocols have treated the human digestive tract as little more than an unselective combustion chamber engineered to process refined, synthetic carbohydrates. Ph...

Relying on a single isolated chemical compound to determine the biological potency of honey is an exercise in biochemical reductionism. If you've grown sceptical of commercial marketing that routin...

The traditional reliance on non-specific assays such as the Folin-Ciocalteu method is no longer sufficient for validating the metabolic efficacy of functional nutrition. While many products claim n...

Research indicates that up to 70% of long-distance triathletes suffer from gastrointestinal distress during competition, a physiological complication frequently attributed to the high osmolality an...