Impact & Provenance

What if a product’s scientifically measured ingredients tell you less about performance than its marketing suggests? That distinction sits at the centre of science backed sports nutrition: a quanti...

The bottle in your hand may contribute to your fluid intake without providing the carbohydrate you need, while a gel can deliver fuel without replacing fluid. Choosing liquid carbohydrate fuel for ...

The best carb source for long distance running isn’t automatically the most advanced gel or the food that works for another runner. Your event duration, fuelling plan and individual gut tolerance a...

What if the gel you blame is only part of the problem? If you’ve had stomach cramps soon after fuelling, it’s understandable to ask why do energy gels cause stomach cramps, especially when discomfo...

The fastest-sounding ingredient on a label isn’t automatically the best fuel for your session. Choosing fast absorbing carbohydrates for sport means looking beyond claims of speed: glucose, fructos...

The pursuit of peak athletic performance often necessitates a calculated compromise between physiological efficacy and gastrointestinal stability, particularly when managing the complex demands of ...

The persistent reliance on synthetic maltodextrin as a primary ergogenic aid is increasingly recognised as a compromise rather than a gold standard for elite endurance performance. While athletes h...

The systemic failure experienced at the 18-kilometre mark is rarely a deficit of will; it's instead a predictable consequence of metabolic depletion and gastrointestinal compromise. While many runn...

The conventional reliance on synthetic maltodextrin as the primary ergogenic aid in endurance athletics often overlooks the biochemical superiority of naturally occurring carbohydrate matrices. Whi...